A Detailed Review on 6G Technology Online Learning System Applications, Challenges and Research Activities

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a major disruption of education worldwide, affecting an estimated 1.6 million students. Classroom education has been suspended and will be replaced by e-learning online forums. In higher education, e-learning is made available through recorded lectures, and online forums become an integral part of the entire system. With this background 6G plays a vital role for online learning platforms by providing high-speed uninterrupted internet. While fifth generation (5G) dispatches are being rolled out worldwide, sixth generation (6G) dispatches have attracted important attention from both the assiduity and academia with respect to online learning. Though 6G is supposed to have more advanced capabilities than 5G, there's yet no clear description of what 6G is. A new paradigm of wireless communication, the sixth generation (6G) system, with the full support of artificial intelligence, is anticipated to be stationed between 2027 and 2030. Beyond 5G, some abecedarian issues that need to be addressed are advanced system capacity, advanced data rate, lower latency, and bettered quality of service (QoS) compared to the 5G system. This paper presents the vision of unborn 6G wireless communication and its conditions and operations. We bandy the arising technologies similar to artificial intelligence, terahertz dispatches, optic wireless technology, blockchain, three-dimensional networking, unmanned upstanding vehicle, cell free dispatches, holographic beamforming, and big data analytics that can help the 6G architecture development in guaranteeing QoS. We present the anticipated operations similar as mm-Wave and Internet of Things (IoT) with the conditions and the possible technologies for 6G communication. We also outline the possible challenges as cost, sequestration, transceiver design, and energy and exploration enterprise to reach this thing. © 2023 selection and editorial matter, Zdzislaw Polkowski, Samarjeet Borah, Sambit Kumar Mishra, and Darshana Desai;individual chapters, the contributors.

COVID-19: Knowledge, attitude, and practice of health-care workers in tertiary care hospitals of Odisha - A cross-sectional survey

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a contagious viral pathogen, creating a public health emergency, and affecting lives and livelihood of millions of populations globally. Good knowledge, attitude, and practice are essential to prevent and stop the widespread transmission. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding COVID-19 among health-care workers (HCWs) in tertiary care hospitals of Odisha. Material(s) and Method(s): The present study is an observational, cross-sectional, and question-based online research. Questions were created on Google forms. Link was generated and given through social media apps. The questionnaire consists of four sections. First section comprised demographic characteristics. Second, third, and fourth sections contain questions on knowledge, attitude, and practice related to COVID-19, respectively. Descriptive and inferential statistical procedures were done through IBM SPSS statistics version 24.0. The research was granted approval by Institute Ethics Committee of IMS and SUM Hospital. Result(s): Data were analyzed in 430 subjects, 205 females and 225 males. The majority of HCWs have good knowledge score 86.5%, attitude score 80.9%, and practice score 91.2%. The mean knowledge score was 6.6 +/- 0.84 and mean attitude score was 28.5 +/- 1.89. Knowledge and attitude score was found to be significantly different among age groups and gender, p<0.001. Mean attitude score had a significant difference with working status, P = 0.025. Mean knowledge and attitude score was significantly higher across professions and work experience, P < 0.001. Good practice score varies significantly across professions, P < 0.001. Conclusion(s): The most of HCWs had good knowledge, positive attitude, and adopted appropriate practices regarding COVID-19. Periodic educational interventions are strongly recommended for HCWs to upgrade their knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding coronavirus diseases. Copyright © 2022 Debasish Misra, et al.

Depression, anxiety, and stress in Health care workers due to COVID-19 pandemic in hospitals of Odisha: A Cross-sectional survey

Background: COVID-19, an unprecedented pandemic significantly affects psychologically healthcare workers (HCWs). The World Health Organization has also announced the pandemic as a Global Public Health Crisis. Priority to observe psychological effects was critical to understanding the various factors and delivering a tailored approach to treatment. This study aims to analyse the prevalence and severity of depression, anxiety, and stress amongst HCWs in Odisha during the pandemic. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional, observational, questionnaire-based online study was conducted. A total of 300 HCWs participated. The collection of data was done online through a self-administered validated depression, anxiety, and stress (DASS-21) questionnaire designed in Google form. The questionnaire has three sections, consent form, demographic characteristics, and DASS-21. For analysis of categorical variables descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and Binomial test were used, and for continuous variables, Kruskal Wallis test & Mann-Whitney test were used and ‘p’<0.05 was considered significant. Results: In this study, respondents were young (63.7%) and the majority were females (61.7%). Doctors constitute 57%, nurses 35%, dentist 17.7% and pharmacists 7% (p<0.001). The majority work in non-government sectors (p<0.001), having 1-5 years of experience (p<0.001). As many as 42.7% of HCWs have depression, 53.7% anxiety, and 13.3% stress. The professional category has a significant association with depression, anxiety, stress, and overall, DAS score (p<0.01). Doctors have the highest level of depression, anxiety, stress, and overall, DAS score, followed by nurses, dentists, and pharmacists. Gender played a significant association with anxiety and stress. Females have a significantly higher level of anxiety and stress (p<0.05). Conclusion: The present study revealed a higher proportion of depression, anxiety, and stress in HCWs. Early screening for detecting mental health issues should be initiated for HCWs who are being exposed repeatedly. Hence, group-specific need-based psychotherapy is critical during the pandemic. © 2023, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University. All rights reserved.

Sailing through Troubled Water of Pandemic by 'Sound Governance' Boat: Lessons from Odisha, India

This article discusses the governance initiatives taken by the Odisha state in India since the identification of the first COVID-19 patient in mid-March, 2020. The state government has taken a comprehensive approach covering not only containment of the pandemic, but also state preparedness for future health emergencies. To counter various issues, triggered by COVID-19, the government has also introduced substantial policy and administrative innovations in the state. The author discusses the governmental initiatives along the multi-dimensional sound governance model. The global problem was handled at local level by the successful execution of innovations and global scientific knowledge.

Cardiological society of India document on safety measure during echo evaluation of cardiovascular disease in the time of COVID-19.

An echocardiographic investigation is one of the key modalities of diagnosis in cardiology. There has been a rising presence of cardiological comorbidities in patients positive for COVID-19. Hence, it is becoming extremely essential to look into the correct safety precautions, healthcare professionals must take while conducting an echo investigation. The decision matrix formulated for conducting an echocardiographic evaluation is based on presence or absence of cardiological comorbidity vis-à-vis positive, suspected or negative for COVID-19. The safety measures have been constructed keeping in mind the current safety precautions by WHO, CDC and MoHFW, India.

Cardiological Society of India: Document on acute MI care during COVID-19.

The unprecedented and rapidly spreading Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has challenged public health care systems globally. Based on worldwide experience, India has initiated a nationwide lockdown to prevent the exponential surge of cases. During COVID-19, management of cardiovascular emergencies like acute Myocardial Infarction (MI) may be compromised. Cardiological Society of India (CSI) has ventured in this moment of crisis to evolve a consensus document for care of acute MI. However, this care should be individualized, based on local expertise and governmental advisories.